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October catch-up

News and advice from Charles to you

I hope that your plot or garden still has a fair few vegetables growing. Unless you are in a much colder climate.

Here we have not yet had a frost and many vegetables keep growing until about the third week of November, on average. Then it becomes simply too dark, as well as too cold.

Growth almost stops at that point, and we harvest all the beetroot, radicchio, endives and celeriac for example. While leaving in the ground any remaining leeks, parsnips, overwintering broccoli, Brussels sprouts, savoy cabbage, lambs lettuce and other salads.

From the garden on 8th October, when a large order was collected by The Three Horseshoes pub in Batcombe, near Bruton

In the photo above, left to right starting with the three Celebrity celery, sown 24th June and transplanted 3rd August. They have needed much watering. 

Buffalo Pink tomato is from the polytunnel, as is the Orange Wellington and three cucumbers, while everything else is growing outside. 

Spinach Medania (short video) was sown direct on 19th August, first harvests were a month later.

Spinach 2nd October from direct sowing 19th August, picked twice already

Celeriac Asterix was sown mid-March and planted late April, has been watered moderately but much less than celery, see video.

Spring onions were sown March and are now regrowing from the white bulbs they made in July.

Collards Hi-Crop were sown mid August and planted 4th September, this is a first pick.

Collards Hi Crop F1, 57 days since sown and they have been picked once

Fennel Rondo was sown mid-July and planted 3rd August.

Courgettes Firenze were sown 8th April and planted on 30th.

In the middle are beetroots Chioggia and Flaming Barrel, they were multi-sown 28th March and planted four weeks later between garlic.

All grown no dig with compost mulch and no fertiliser of any kind. Just using important knowledge about timings, spacings and more…

Just for No Dig day (more on that below), enjoy a huge reduction on the price of my Essential Knowledge Pack.

This is a digital pack containing a spacing guide (in imperial as well as metric), a harvesting timeline, a glossary of gardening terms, tips on weather and the seasons, and information on plant families. The pack includes advice on watering, and a detailed sowing and transplanting table that gives invaluable guidance in a quick reference format. All downloadable in PDFs. On International No Dig Day 3rd November we are reducing the price from £15 to £5.

Compost application (after harvesting Butternut squash and clearing the plants) is 1cm homemade compost, not sieved and hence the bits of half-rotted wood which are fine on the surface. We shall sow broad beans direct, 24th October in this bed.

Sow direct or propagate first?

Propagation is a fantastic way of having plants ready earlier, above all in spring when it’s still cold outside. My CD module trays are super-economical on space needed for seedlings.

Plus you need less seed than when direct-sowing, and spacing can be very precise, with full beds and no gaps. Also, if weeds are an issue, transplants give you a head-start and make weeding easier between the plants. 

Raising transplants gives many options for inter-planting between existing crops. This allows the new planting to establish while the previous vegetable is finishing. Often with overlaps of 4 to 6 weeks, see my book Grow Together.

Red Russian kale sown 31st August was planted between salads on 26th September, by a weekend course group, in the small garden

You can transplant all vegetables except carrots and parsnips, whose roots usually fork after being transplanted.

For all these reasons, I rarely sow direct. One exception is salads for autumn use, whose seeds are going into warm soil and grow very rapidly. Such as the spinach (above) in mid August.

Then lambs lettuce in early September.

Drills for lambs lettuce on 6th September, straight after harvesting and clearing the winter squash. I used my dibber to make these sowing drills, it was quick, then I watered along them.

Sometimes we sow between existing vegetables, which will be harvested within a few weeks. Find more on all this in my new Organic Gardening book.

Intersow of lambs lettuce / corn salad between celeriac, one month ago 8th September. Before sowing we took lower leaves off the celeriac, to make room for lines drawn by my wooden dibber.

After harvesting winter squash and clearing the plants, we sowed salad rocket on 10th September. That was quickly done, in lines across the bed.

Next, we spent a fair amount of time thinning them two weeks later, and pulling the few weeds. That helps to make cropping easier, with larger leaves and fewer yellowing or diseased leaves at the bottom.

Salad rocket 11th October was sown direct 10th September, 31 days ago. The cover was against flea beetles, and now is against rabbits and wind.

The rocket is ready for picking from now and should continue cropping until at least December, unless the weather turns frosty.

Transplanting mid-October

It's a big week here for putting in new salad plants to overwinter, after we recently cleared tomatoes, cucumbers and all the summer vegetables. 

This was 4th October, the plants still cropping heavily and with very healthy leaves

The ground was very dry after tomatoes because I had not watered them for five weeks. When soil is so dry as that, you need to water gently and over a longer period so that the water can soak in rather than running off. I use the spray line in my polytunnel, and cans in the greenhouse.

Watering with the spray lines after clearing tomatoes at that end, for eight hours

With no dig, it's easier because water soaks in more readily. 

Lettuce Grenoble Red sown 31 days, salad rocket sown 20 days. The Health and vigour of these plants, no feeds given and in small module cells, are testimony to the quality of my potting mix. It’s 50% home-made compost of mostly wormcasts, see short video, and 50% Groworm organic and peat free compost.

I have thousands of transplants ready to go in. The Grenoble Red lettuce were sown 10th September, the seed is from one lettuce allowed to flower and seed this summer. We sowed the brassicas 22nd to 24th September, just before the full moon, an auspicious time. Sowing on a strongly waxing moon gives a ‘horoscope’ of rapid growth and regrowth, until next spring.

Mustards Red Dragon, Pizzo, Red Lace multisown 22nd September in CD modules, and thinned to two plants per cell.

Outdoor greens

I can't believe I had not grown collards before, and many of my American readers comment on this! They have been using them for a long time, to have continual harvests of wonderful greens.

This week we took a first harvest off collard plants sown mid August and transplanted early September. Already they are producing a steady flow of large and tender leaves.

This will continue until it turns colder. Then regrowth in the spring is significant, when the leaves are so welcome. 

I even have collards still cropping from August 2025's sowing. They were eaten by insects this summer, but are healthy again now.

Collard plants from an August 2025 sowing. A few made tight ‘cabbage heads’ and stopped cropping, see the one at the back.

How much compost for no dig?

You can use as little as a half centimetre per year. However, where I've tried reducing the amount, I notice more weeds, less moisture retention, a harder surface making it more difficult to plant especially in dry conditions, and lower output of produce.

I recommend 2.5 cm/1 inch every year, but that's not a rule. That level of annual edition will on average enable more harvest from less space, saving you time, weeding and watering. If you don't have enough compost, I recommend cropping a smaller area and planting more intensively.

Compost application after harvesting Butternut squash and clearing the plants, is just 1 cm because we applied some mushroom compost in May, after winter / spring harvests of broccoli, with no prior compost for those plants. This is homemade compost, not sieved. Hence the bits of half-rotted wood which are fine on the surface. We shall sow broad beans direct, 24th October in this bed.

Compost can be any organic matter, 50% or more decomposed. There is no need to sieve or sift it.

My no dig trial bed gives an annual average since 2013 of 105kg / 230lb, all kitchen ready produce, from 7.5 m² / 80 ft². This recent video discusses the method, andshows results of that.

Most beds at Homeacres are double or triple cropped in a year, from the one compost application. Output of £42,000 produce value feeds many families. To me, it feels very reasonable, and worth making + buying compost.

Florence fennel and kohlrabi were interplanted between ridge cucumbers, one way of dould or triple cropping.

Are synthetic and organic amendments giving the same nutrients?

What I have observed over 40+ years is that when no synthetic fertilisers are used, plant growth is strong and robust through the season. Nutrients in organic, no dig soil are not equivalent, and soil life helps roots to access them. I explain this in my new edition of Organic Gardening, Bloomsbury 2026.

For one thing the nutrients are not water soluble. For another, they are in more complex molecules than synthetic fertiliser. No dig soils’ proliferation of microbes encourages biological interactions around root hairs, enabling plants to obtain what one might call a balanced diet, rather than the rhizosphere being flooded with water soluble nutrients.

For more on how synthetic fertilisers depress the activity of soil microbes, see this webpage from Rothamsted Research Station in Herts, UK.

International No Dig Day

It’s such a fine opportunity to celebrate this super method of growing plants, whether floral or for food. We shall be enjoying a team lunch here and we'll share that on social media.

You can enter one of our two competitions: captions for the photo of me spaced out between endives. It’s on YouTube.

Plus children can win cash by writing No Dig with leaves, sticks, stones etc in their plots. Full details are on this page.

Why not also register yourself on the No Dig World Map. That may lead you to find neighbours with lots to share about gardening in your climate and location.

Chinese cabbage Yuki F1 on 11th October, sown 57 days ago, and it will be ready for No Dig Day

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